ERA THREE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
There is no denying that one of the causes of ut
ama the arrival of the era of globalization more
faster than expected all parties is due to the rapid development of information technology . implementation
with telecommunications has produced a revolution in the field of information systems . Data or information
which in ancient times it should take many days
to be processed before being sent to the other side in
world , can now be done in a matter of de
tick . No exaggeration if one IBM experts
menganalogikannya with automotive developments as follows : " if the automotive world
progressing as fast as information technology , has now produced a car can be made
diesel fuel , which can be driven up to speed ma
ximum 10,000 km / h , with a purchase price of only about
1 U.S. dollar " . On the micro level , there are enough interesting things to be learned , that is how evolution
development of existing information technology
significantly affect competition between
companies in the world , kh
engaged in the gut ja
sa . Broadly speaking , there are four
period or era of the development of information systems , which starts from the discovery of the first computer
to date . The fourth era occurred not only because it is triggered by technological developments
computer is so rapid , however, supported
also by new theories about management
modern enterprise .
The fourth era ( Cash et al , 1992)
occurs not only because it is triggered by
development of computer technology is so rapid , however, supported by new theories
the modern enterprise management . Ma experts
najemen and organizations such as Peter Drucker ,
Michael Hammer , Porter , highly colored view
the management of information technology in the era
modern . Therefore, it is understandable , that
still many companies , especially in countries
developing ( third world ) , which is difficult to adapt new theories regarding the management ,
organization , and information technology as it is still me
adhesion factors of local culture or local
that affect the behavior of its human resources . So it is no wonder if it is still frequently encountered
company with the most sophisticated computer equipment , but is still used as tools
administrative era which incidentally is the world's first use of computers in the early 1960s -
's.
1.ERA COMPUTERIZED
This period began around 1960 when the mini-computer and mainframe companies introduced
like IBM to the industrial world. Ability to calculate so quickly cause many
companies that use it for the purposes of data processing (data processing). usage
computer at this time is intended to improve efficiency, as proven for jobs.
particular , computer use is much more efficient ( in terms of time and cost ) compared to
employing tens of HR for the same thing .
In that era , have not seen the atmosphere of competition
are so tight . Number of firms is still relatively small . Most of the company -
large companies are indirectly " monopolize pa
sar - specific market , because there is no competitor
means . Almost all major companies engaged in infrastructure ( electricity and
telecommunications ) and mining at the time buying computer equipment to assist the
day-to- day administration . Organization needs the most time-consuming computer at the time
it is for back office administration , especially those related to accounting and finance . in
other hand , the ability to perform complex calculations mainframe also benefit companies
to help solve the problems of technical operations , such as simulations, calculations
in the mining and manufacturing industries.
2. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ERA
Advances in digital technology combined with the computer telecommunications have entered
periods of " revolution " of his . In the early 1970s
, PC or Personal Computer technology began
introduced as an alternative to mini
computer . With a set of computers that can
placed on the work table ( desktop ) , a manager or technician can obtain data or information that
has been processed by the computer ( premises
n nearly the same speed with the speed of a mini computer , even
mainframe ) . Usefulness of computers in companies not only to improve efficiency , but more
much to support the work processes more effective . Unlike the era
computerization in which computers simply become " private property " Division EDP ( Electronic Data Processing)
company , in this second era of every individual in the organization can take advantage of computer sophistication ,
such as to process the database , spreadsheet , or
Data processing ( end - user computing ) . usage
among computer companies increasingly widespread , mainly supported by the nature of competition that has
monompoli be changed from the free market . in
Indirectly, the company has leveraged
computer technology is highly efficient and effective than most companies that process is still
managed manually . In the era of the computer is me
enter the new round , which is as a facility
that can provide a competitive advantage for
company , mainly engaged in the
service or services .
3. GLOBALIZATION ERA INFORMATION
Not many books that explicitly incorporate era
This last into the evolutionary history of technology
of information . Phenomenon seen is that since the mid -1980s , developments in
information technology ( computer and telecom
unication ) so fast , so if
depicted graphically , the progress made te
rlihat exponentially . When a seminar
internationally on the internet held in Sa
n Francisco in 1996 , the technology practitioners
information previously collaborated on the studies to introduce the world to the internet industry was
honestly admitted that they had never occupied the ar
ga internet development
would be like
Here you are. It was like they saw that the seed of trees planted is magic , suddenly splitting
a towering giant trees . Hard to find theories that can explain all
phenomena that have occurred since the beginning of the 1990s , but the fact that occur can be summarized as
the following :
No one can resist its speed rapidly developing
n information technology . Its existence has been
eliminate the boundary lines between countries in terms of flow of information . No country
able to prevent the flow of information from or to
outside the country , because the boundaries between countries
not known in the virtual world of the computer .
The application of technologies such as LAN , WAN , GlobalNet ,
Intranet , Internet , Extranet , is increasingly prevalent and entrenched in society . proved to be very
difficult to determine the appropriate legal tools and proven effective to ward off everything that
associated with the creation and flow of information .
These companies are not bound by any
physical limits again . Through the virtual world of the computer ,
one can find customers at all levels
people of the world are connected to the Internet network . Difficult to quantify the amount of money or
investment flows freely through the internal network
et . Trade transactions can be
easy to do in cyberspace through electronic transactions by using electronic money .
Not infrequently the company eventually had to redefine the vision and mission of the business , especially
which deals in providing services . Kemuda
han - convenience offered advanced devices
Information technology has changed the mindset of the management company that is not rare company
who slam the steering wheel cultivate other fields .
For a third world country or a developing dilemma
regarding the use of information technology is very pronounced. On the one hand many companies are not yet ready
because of the structure of culture or human resources , while on the other side of the investment should be spent to purchase information technology equipment . do not have
information technology , meaning it can not compete
with other multi-national companies , alias have gone out of business .
CHANGES IN TERMS AS A PARADIGM
The fourth era of the above , it is seen how the nature of competition and advances in information technology since
dipergunakannya computers in the industry to date in
i is closely related to one another . entering the century
information means to enter the world with new technology , information technology . use of technology
seoptimum information may mean having to change the mindset . Changing the mindset is that
extremely difficult to do , because basically "people do not like to change" . If at this time
the developed and neighboring countries Indonesia already has a special commitment to take
part in the creation of information system components , what about Indonesia ? still
want to be a nation of consumers ? Or is capable of being a producer ? At the very least , it is
there must in every human being Indonesia is a willingness to change . Without the " willingness
to change " , it is impossible for the Indonesian people can use information technology to
rebuilding a shattered nation engulfed the current crisis.
There is no denying that one of the causes of ut
ama the arrival of the era of globalization more
faster than expected all parties is due to the rapid development of information technology . implementation
Internet , electronic commerce , electronic data interchange , virtual office , telemedicine , intranet , and other
so have broken through the physical boundaries between countries . Merger between computer technologywith telecommunications has produced a revolution in the field of information systems . Data or information
which in ancient times it should take many days
to be processed before being sent to the other side in
world , can now be done in a matter of de
tick . No exaggeration if one IBM experts
menganalogikannya with automotive developments as follows : " if the automotive world
progressing as fast as information technology , has now produced a car can be made
diesel fuel , which can be driven up to speed ma
ximum 10,000 km / h , with a purchase price of only about
1 U.S. dollar " . On the micro level , there are enough interesting things to be learned , that is how evolution
development of existing information technology
significantly affect competition between
companies in the world , kh
engaged in the gut ja
sa . Broadly speaking , there are four
period or era of the development of information systems , which starts from the discovery of the first computer
to date . The fourth era occurred not only because it is triggered by technological developments
computer is so rapid , however, supported
also by new theories about management
modern enterprise .
The fourth era ( Cash et al , 1992)
occurs not only because it is triggered by
development of computer technology is so rapid , however, supported by new theories
the modern enterprise management . Ma experts
najemen and organizations such as Peter Drucker ,
Michael Hammer , Porter , highly colored view
the management of information technology in the era
modern . Therefore, it is understandable , that
still many companies , especially in countries
developing ( third world ) , which is difficult to adapt new theories regarding the management ,
organization , and information technology as it is still me
adhesion factors of local culture or local
that affect the behavior of its human resources . So it is no wonder if it is still frequently encountered
company with the most sophisticated computer equipment , but is still used as tools
administrative era which incidentally is the world's first use of computers in the early 1960s -
's.
1.ERA COMPUTERIZED
This period began around 1960 when the mini-computer and mainframe companies introduced
like IBM to the industrial world. Ability to calculate so quickly cause many
companies that use it for the purposes of data processing (data processing). usage
computer at this time is intended to improve efficiency, as proven for jobs.
particular , computer use is much more efficient ( in terms of time and cost ) compared to
employing tens of HR for the same thing .
In that era , have not seen the atmosphere of competition
are so tight . Number of firms is still relatively small . Most of the company -
large companies are indirectly " monopolize pa
sar - specific market , because there is no competitor
means . Almost all major companies engaged in infrastructure ( electricity and
telecommunications ) and mining at the time buying computer equipment to assist the
day-to- day administration . Organization needs the most time-consuming computer at the time
it is for back office administration , especially those related to accounting and finance . in
other hand , the ability to perform complex calculations mainframe also benefit companies
to help solve the problems of technical operations , such as simulations, calculations
in the mining and manufacturing industries.
2. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ERA
Advances in digital technology combined with the computer telecommunications have entered
periods of " revolution " of his . In the early 1970s
, PC or Personal Computer technology began
introduced as an alternative to mini
computer . With a set of computers that can
placed on the work table ( desktop ) , a manager or technician can obtain data or information that
has been processed by the computer ( premises
n nearly the same speed with the speed of a mini computer , even
mainframe ) . Usefulness of computers in companies not only to improve efficiency , but more
much to support the work processes more effective . Unlike the era
computerization in which computers simply become " private property " Division EDP ( Electronic Data Processing)
company , in this second era of every individual in the organization can take advantage of computer sophistication ,
such as to process the database , spreadsheet , or
Data processing ( end - user computing ) . usage
among computer companies increasingly widespread , mainly supported by the nature of competition that has
monompoli be changed from the free market . in
Indirectly, the company has leveraged
computer technology is highly efficient and effective than most companies that process is still
managed manually . In the era of the computer is me
enter the new round , which is as a facility
that can provide a competitive advantage for
company , mainly engaged in the
service or services .
3. GLOBALIZATION ERA INFORMATION
Not many books that explicitly incorporate era
This last into the evolutionary history of technology
of information . Phenomenon seen is that since the mid -1980s , developments in
information technology ( computer and telecom
unication ) so fast , so if
depicted graphically , the progress made te
rlihat exponentially . When a seminar
internationally on the internet held in Sa
n Francisco in 1996 , the technology practitioners
information previously collaborated on the studies to introduce the world to the internet industry was
honestly admitted that they had never occupied the ar
ga internet development
would be like
Here you are. It was like they saw that the seed of trees planted is magic , suddenly splitting
a towering giant trees . Hard to find theories that can explain all
phenomena that have occurred since the beginning of the 1990s , but the fact that occur can be summarized as
the following :
No one can resist its speed rapidly developing
n information technology . Its existence has been
eliminate the boundary lines between countries in terms of flow of information . No country
able to prevent the flow of information from or to
outside the country , because the boundaries between countries
not known in the virtual world of the computer .
The application of technologies such as LAN , WAN , GlobalNet ,
Intranet , Internet , Extranet , is increasingly prevalent and entrenched in society . proved to be very
difficult to determine the appropriate legal tools and proven effective to ward off everything that
associated with the creation and flow of information .
These companies are not bound by any
physical limits again . Through the virtual world of the computer ,
one can find customers at all levels
people of the world are connected to the Internet network . Difficult to quantify the amount of money or
investment flows freely through the internal network
et . Trade transactions can be
easy to do in cyberspace through electronic transactions by using electronic money .
Not infrequently the company eventually had to redefine the vision and mission of the business , especially
which deals in providing services . Kemuda
han - convenience offered advanced devices
Information technology has changed the mindset of the management company that is not rare company
who slam the steering wheel cultivate other fields .
For a third world country or a developing dilemma
regarding the use of information technology is very pronounced. On the one hand many companies are not yet ready
because of the structure of culture or human resources , while on the other side of the investment should be spent to purchase information technology equipment . do not have
information technology , meaning it can not compete
with other multi-national companies , alias have gone out of business .
CHANGES IN TERMS AS A PARADIGM
The fourth era of the above , it is seen how the nature of competition and advances in information technology since
dipergunakannya computers in the industry to date in
i is closely related to one another . entering the century
information means to enter the world with new technology , information technology . use of technology
seoptimum information may mean having to change the mindset . Changing the mindset is that
extremely difficult to do , because basically "people do not like to change" . If at this time
the developed and neighboring countries Indonesia already has a special commitment to take
part in the creation of information system components , what about Indonesia ? still
want to be a nation of consumers ? Or is capable of being a producer ? At the very least , it is
there must in every human being Indonesia is a willingness to change . Without the " willingness
to change " , it is impossible for the Indonesian people can use information technology to
rebuilding a shattered nation engulfed the current crisis.
source of : http://duarto.web.id/EVOLUSI-PERKEMBANGAN-TEKNOLOGI-INFORMASI.pdf
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